CHAPTER 4: Small Molecule–RNA Conjugates

RNA has for long been recognised to be a key component of all complex biological systems that depend on gene expression. The centrality of RNA to cellular metabolism has been further established since the discovery of non-coding RNAs and their function. Almost all the functions of RNA depend on its inherent chemical diversity and its modifications. Recent work indicates that cells use a wide variety of RNA modifications and small molecule–RNA conjugates which had not previously been recognised. In this chapter some recently discovered small molecule–RNA conjugates are discussed along with the methodologies used. Synthetic chemical modifications of RNA have been intensively studied in the past, but these studies indicate a need to study these modifications in further detail for the purposes of chemical intervention and probable drug discovery. We also highlight some examples of synthetic small molecule–RNA conjugates which have useful biological applications.