Chapter 3: Nanotechnology’s Wonder Material: Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes

The controlled synthesis of nanomaterials is an essential starting point for the application of nanomaterials in commercially-viable nanodevices. In this chapter, we review synthetic techniques, kinetics, and process optimization strategies for the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Analysis of the extensive body of experimental evidence shows that reliable and controlled synthesis of CNTs requires strict control over a number of critical process parameters. We discuss these parameters, as well as the detailed mechanism and kinetics of growth and growth termination. In situ kinetics data also highlight the importance of catalyst evolution and source gas purity on the overall growth yield and process reliability. These considerations point to the crucial steps necessary for achieving controlled and reliable synthesis of carbon nanotubes.