This chapter describes the most recent methods and technologies used in the development of microfabricated electrochemical devices for biomedical analysis. The chapter is structured in three main sections: the first part introduces the main aspects underpinning the design and development of miniaturized biosensing devices. The second part describes the fabrication of microelectrode detection systems, with a focus on biosensors in environment and biomedical analysis. This section covers the main aspects of microelectrode fabrication and packaging, and surface functionalization. Finally, representative applications in the field of biomedical electroanalysis, with an emphasis on the detection of cardiovascular disease biomarkers, is described and discussed. The aim is to illustrate the importance and potential of microelectrode-based detection systems in this area, which can be extrapolated to other cases.