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The alkaloid betaine (a methyl derivative of the amino acid glycine) and betaine derivatives are present in many food materials. Betaine is a zwitterionic quaternary ammonium compound, also known as trimethylglycine, glycine betaine, lycine, and oxyneurine. Betaine plays an important role in conversion of homocysteine to methionine by donating methyl groups and used in the treatment of homocystinuria. This chapter discusses isolation and characterization of different derivatives of betaine from three different sources, namely Achyranthus aspera (Prickly Chaff flower) seeds, Chenopodium quinoa (Kancolla) seeds and Cannabis sativa (Cannabis) seeds.

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