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Betaine and choline are important nutrients in humans with a variety of functions in the body. However, epidemiologic studies of dietary betaine and choline and disease risks are sparse because a food composition database for betaine and choline became available in 2003. Since then several case-control and prospective cohort studies have evaluated the association between betaine and choline intake in relation to risk of cancer. There were some studies that evaluated betaine and choline intake in relation to mortality among cancer patients. This review describes and summarizes the findings from those epidemiologic studies.

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