CHAPTER 10: Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography for Determination of Betaine
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Published:15 May 2015
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J. M. Curtis and S. Mi, in Betaine: Chemistry, Analysis, Function and Effects, ed. V. R. Preedy, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015, pp. 139-158.
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Betaine is a naturally occurring zwitterionic compound at neutral pH possessing quaternary ammonium and carboxylate groups. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) has been developed as a powerful alternative to conventional liquid chromatographic (LC) techniques for the analysis of highly polar and hydrophilic compounds. HILIC is therefore an appropriate technique for the measurement of betaine in a wide variety of sample matrices. In this chapter, the separation principles and types of mobile and stationary phases employed in HILIC are discussed. These are followed by a comparison of analytical methods employing HILIC for betaine analysis with other methods such as normal phase chromatography. Finally, an overview of published results on the determination of betaine in various matrices by HILIC is presented.