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Considerable decline in dental caries prevalence and incidence worldwide was achieved after the introduction of fluoride as a measure in public health. However, simultaneously to the caries decline, an increase in the prevalence of dental fluorosis has been observed for fluoridated and nonfluoridated communities. Dental fluorosis is characterized by mineralization disturb on enamel as a result of long exposure to high fluoride levels during the period of tooth development. Concerns about the increase of fluorosis resulted in several studies attempting to identify the risk factors for dental fluorosis development. This chapter describes some considerations about the risks factors for the occurrence of dental fluorosis, the main sources of fluoride intake and the current recommendations involving the rational use of fluoride.

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