CHAPTER 34: Inadequate Calcium Intake and Body Fat in Adults

The role of calcium in fat metabolism is still evolving. Several complex interrelated mechanisms have been identified, such as the calcium-sensing receptor, fatty acid synthase activity, vitamin D or calcitriol and other hormones, that may influence the accumulation of body fat in the presence of inadequate dietary calcium. Numerous analytical and observational studies have associated inadequate calcium intake with body fat, body-mass index, and obesity; however, there are also studies that reported calcium did not affect body fat or body-mass index. With calcium intakes generally low for adults and obesity rates high, promoting adequate intakes of calcium seem to be warranted. Although other biological, physical, and environmental factors affect the development of obesity, consuming adequate intakes of calcium may be easier to achieve in comparison to other lifestyle factors that affect an individual's body fat status. Overall, the evidence supports that calcium affects body fat and consuming adequate amounts of calcium could play a role in reducing the prevalence of obesity.