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One approach to the design of new inorganic oxides exploits the introduction of organic molecules as structure-directing components. For example, the building block strategy links molecular oxide clusters through organic tethers or secondary metal-ligand subunits in the design of organic–inorganic hybrid materials. Specifically, oxomolybdenum organophosphonate clusters may act as nodes from which organic tethers and secondary metal coordination complex cations radiate as spokes to provide 1D, 2D, or 3D connectivities.

Materials of the MII-ligand/MoxOy diphosphonate family exhibit a diverse structural chemistry, reflecting a variety of structural determinants and their interplay. Manipulation of the architectures of these materials may be accomplished by variations in the tether lengths or tether geometries of the diphosphonate ligand, the identity of the secondary metal and its coordination preferences, the identity, denticity and steric requirements of the ligand to the secondary metal, and the substitution of fluoride for oxide in the molybdate subunit. The structures of the MII ligand/MoxOy-diphosphonate family will be discussed in terms of these factors.

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