Chapter 20: Exposure Modelling for Risk Assessment Check Access

This chapter describes a range of models that can be used to estimate exposures in a regulatory risk assessment process ranges from very simple (e.g. EMKG-Expo-tool) to complex (e.g. combination of ConsExpo and Advanced REACH Tool with Bayesian updates). For worker exposure assessment there is a greater choice of models, largely due to the fact that worker exposure has been studied more widely. The ECETOC TRA worker tool can be used as a first Tier model, although one has to take into account that the validity of its estimates is not very well known. For dermal exposure RISKOFDERM is the most logical choice for further Tier exposure assessment. It also is calibrated against measured data, but its scope is not as wide as that of the Advanced REACH Tool. In general, modelling of dermal exposure (for consumers as well as workers) is far less advanced than modelling of inhalation exposure. The models, their theoretical basis and advantages and disadvantages are discussed.