Chapter 8: Fibrin-based Matrices to Support Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration

Cell-based tissue engineering requires a safe delivery of cells on different matrices and their successful implantation. Nevertheless, the application and practice of this approach is not straightforward. Matrices or cast polymers of different chemical compositions may not be biocompatible. Foreign matrices may be rejected with the loss of the implanted cells that they carry with possible induction of other adverse effects. Moreover, many of such matrices may not degrade in adequate rate to be replaced by new extracellular matrix of the regenerated tissue. Fibrinogen is a naturally circulating protein which is involved in wound healing and can be activated in a controlled manner to polymerize into fibrin polymer. These properties render it a candidate of choice for such applications. The high cell binding efficiency of fibrinogen further stresses its potential as a cell carrier. Nevertheless, fibrin polymers are not highly stable and they may bio-degrade too fast in the body. Selected approaches and technologies to enhance tissue regeneration with stabilized fibrin based safe and efficient cell binding matrix for transplantation are discussed.