Nanoscale chemical characterisation of peptides and proteins using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Non-destructive and label-free nanoscale chemical characterisation of peptides and proteins is essential in order to comprehend their biological function. Over the last two decades, Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) has emerged as a powerful analytical tool for highly sensitive topographical and chemical characterisation of a surface at the nanoscale. Herein, the capabilities and potential TERS for nanoscale investigation of amino acids, peptides and proteins are discussed. The unique chemical insights obtained via TERS characterisation of these biomolecules reported in various studies are critically evaluated. Finally, practical guidelines are presented for the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of TERS data from peptides and protein samples.