Nucleotides and nucleic acids: mononucleotides

This chapter covers selected papers published in 2014 on chemical synthesis and biological application of modified nucleotides, including data on prodrugs and antiviral compounds of this class. Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids and, either alone or conjugated with other biomolecules, play fundamental roles in biological processes. Their analogues are also expected to be useful tools for tuning of natural biochemical pathways (including medical applications) and for the investigation of intracellular nucleotide-related processes at a molecular level. There is also a developing field of fluorescently labelled nucleotide-like probes for precise monitoring of bioprocesses at nanomolar levels.