Nucleotides and nucleic acids: mononucleotides

This chapter covers selected papers published in 2015 on chemical synthesis and biological application of modified nucleotides, including data on new approaches in the field of prodrugs and antiviral compounds. New analogues of nucleotides are devised to meet specific expectations related to the tuning of natural biochemical pathways (including possible medical applications) or to the exploration of metabolic processes at a molecular level. There is also a developing field of probes able to detect and quantify natural nucleotides or fluorescently labelled analogues at nanomolar levels.