9: Paints and Binding Media

The analysis of binding media in paint is contextualised, and key approaches for the study of media including proteinaceous, lipidic and synthetic polymers used in painting are given. The structure and chemistry of commonly found binding media are reviewed. Examples of analytical strategies for the identification of media based on highly effective Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) vibrational spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry are illustrated for protein and oil-based media. Case studies highlight applications of proteomic analysis to the identification of egg from archaeological wall paintings, the stratigraphic analysis of binding media using synchrotron-based micro-FTIR and FTIR mapping of paint cross-sections, and the analysis of complex oils and modern materials in 20th C. paintings. Advantages, limitations and future trends are described for the analysis of paint, with reference to the degradation of organic media and sample limitations with key texts for further reading provided.