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There has been continuous scientific interest in the prospect of direct photoelectrochemical (PEC) conversion of sunlight to hydrogen since the pioneering demonstration of water splitting with a TiO2 photo-electrode reported by Fujishima and Honda in 1972.1  In the 2010s there has been an increase in attention, some of which is driven by the prospect of grid-parity pricing for solar photovoltaic power and the resulting need, at high penetrations of intermittent sources into the electrical power grid, of large scale energy storage.2–5  Hydrogen has been identified as a potential energy carrier for this purpose.6  Also, the release of fuel cell vehicles into the commercial market creates a potential market for renewable hydrogen in the transportation sector.7–9 

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