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The application of thermal energy to enhance the percutaneous absorption of drugs offers an encouraging prospect for overcoming the skin barrier. External membranes such as the skin present a considerable barrier to the permeation of drugs, limiting the types of treatment that can be given via this route. These barrier properties are mostly dependent on the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of skin, which in most cases is known to be the rate limiting step for drug diffusion across the skin.

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