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Biorefineries process, utilizing bioresources such as agriculture or forest biomass to produce energy and a wide variety of precursor chemical and bio-based materials, is similar to the modern petroleum refineries. Effectively releasing the locked polysaccharides from recalcitrant lignocelluloses to fermentable sugars is among the most costly steps for the realization of lignocelluloses biorefineries. Recently, several cellulose solvents have been developed to pretreat cellulosic component at modest reaction conditions, different from the traditional lignocellulosic pretreatments with toxic chemicals and severe conditions. Higher digestibility and faster enzymatic hydrolysis rates were obtained from the regenerated cellulose. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the cellulose solvents literature. The dissolving mechanism of cellulose, and the strong correlation between the crystal structure transformation of cellulose and different solvents were revealed. The aim is therefore to present the different approaches and strategies with a focus on the potential offered by enzymatic hydrolysis for bioethanol production.

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