Solid-state lithium batteries: progresses, challenges, and outlook

Solid-state lithium batteries are a technology that immediately called the attention of the scientific community and industry due to their much-desired properties of high power and energy density, while being much safer than traditional lithium-ion batteries. This book chapter covers the main concepts of solid-state batteries while comparing the advantages and disadvantages of lithium-ion batteries. In the following session, a discussion about the challenges of overcoming interfacial resistance between the anode and cathodes is provided. The strategies recently employed by researchers are discussed and explained to propose a solution for future experiments in a sense to increase the contact interaction between the components of a solid-state battery. The next section discusses the main materials used to fabricate battery components. A detailed description of examples involving materials such as polymers, oxide, and sulfide-based SSE is covered. In those sections, examples from the literature are discussed through the functioning mechanisms, fabrication, strategies, and results to form a solid idea for the younger scientific community to design and innovate on their experiments to tackle the current issues. After that, a section is devoted to the development of flexible solid-state batteries by describing the main techniques and results recently obtained by the scientific community. Finally, the concluding section discusses the main challenges and a future perspective for designing experiments for solid-state batteries.