Chapter 11: Sampling and Pre-treatment in Nanoparticle Analysis in Water

Sampling and pre-treatment are of the utmost importance in analytical workflows as possible errors during these steps influence the validity of the final results. They are especially important in the case of nanoparticle analysis in various types of water where possible physical processes (such as adsorption or agglomeration) can occur and additional chemical parameters are of great relevance. This chapter discusses the most common challenges in sampling and sample pre-treatment, reflects on errors and precautions that can be applied, and presents some guidelines and considerations to be followed during these initial steps.