Chapter 5: Sustainable Nanomaterials for Pollutant Treatment

Nanomaterials, especially metal oxide nanomaterials with unique properties, with large specific surface area, affinity, capacity, and selectivity for heavy metals and other contaminants, have attracted scientists in the treatment of wastewater. The use of some nanomaterials as adsorbents for imbibing heavy metals and toxic organic compounds is discussed. Furthermore, the investigation of adsorptive mechanisms based on the combination of isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sips), kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-diffusion models), and spectroscopies (Fourier transform infrared [FT-IR] and thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry [TG-DSC]) will be encompassed in this chapter.