Rapid development in industrialization and urbanization results in significant increases in the volume of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and other gases and leads to global warming. The capture and efficient conversion of CO₂ into chemicals and fuels is a sophisticated process and has gained significance in reducing the concentration of CO₂ present in the environment. CO₂ is highly stable and is utilized as a catalyst in the synthesis of chemicals such as methanol, salicylic acid, dimethyl carbonate, and cyclic carbonates. Carbon derivatives based adsorbants are considered to be versatile materials used to capture CO₂ due to their similar physical and chemical properties. Photoelectrochemical conversion of CO₂ is considered to be an artificial photosynthesis employing different wide band gap semiconductors, and produces chemicals/fuels such as formic acid, methane, ethanol and ethanol. In this chapter, we report the capture and conversion of CO₂ into chemicals and fuels by different techniques such as photoelectrochemical, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, thermo-catalysis, and biochemical techniques.