CHAPTER 5: Calcium Phosphate Invert Glasses

Phosphate invert glasses are composed of short phosphate groups and contain a large proportion of cations. Introducing intermediate oxides, such as TiO₂, Nb₂O₅, ZnO, and MgO, to phosphate invert glasses can manipulate their properties via tailored manipulation of their glass network structures. TiO₂, Nb₂O₅, and ZnO improve the chemical durability of phosphate invert glasses (i.e., reduce their ion-releasing ability), whereas MgO decreases their chemical durability (i.e., enhances their ion-releasing ability). Phosphate invert glasses can be tailored for various biomedical applications by manipulating their glass network structures to control their properties.