Chapter 5: Phytochemicals in the Management of Diabetes
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Published:19 Sep 2022
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Special Collection: 2022 ebook collection
Q. Abbas, S. M. Al-Thawadi, and S. Perna, in Nanotechnology for Diabetes Management, ed. A. Abderrahmani, S. Szunerits, R. Boukerroub, and A. El Ouaamari, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022, ch. 5, pp. 128-164.
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The management of diabetes and its complications is constantly evolving, including new treatment options using natural products with pharmacological properties via different mechanisms. In this chapter, different herbal medicinal plants and their active components are described. The antidiabetic effects of plants are mainly due to the phenolic compounds such as curcumin, catechin, flavonoids and tannins, and polyphenolic including emodin, resveratol, hydroxytyrosol, berberine, flavonoids, phenolic acid, and stilbenes. The chapter reports the seminal in vitro, preclinical and clinical studies that have unveiled the antidiabetic effects of phenolic and polyphenolic molecules’ effects and their modes of action. Some of the proposed actions include the inhibition of carbohydrate metabolism enzymatic activity, improvement of liver enzymes, improvement of pancreatic islets β-cell function, neuroprotective effect, enhancement of oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and depolarization of ATP-sensitive potassium channel.