Convective heat transfer has proven to offer vast potential to increase the efficient use of energy in various processes in both industry and everyday life. However, the global transition to sustainable, green industry and the corresponding lifestyle demands more effective strategies. Standard methods for improving convective heat transfer,

appear to have reached their physical and technical limits. Moreover, most of them are associated with various drawbacks, such as high costs due to high material requirements, high pumping capacity, or increased production efforts, thus, alternatives are needed.

Let us first consider the structure of a classical Nusselt number correlation. According to the Buckingham Π theorem, the most general form is:¹