The toxicity, bioavailability, and metabolic pathways of elements are tightly connected to the chemical forms in which they occur. Thus, particular species of elements can have a different impact on living organisms.¹  The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists have defined a chemical species as the “Specific form of an element defined as to its isotopic composition or oxidation state, and/or complex or molecular structure.” The speciation of an element is the “distribution of an element amongst defined chemical species in a system” while speciation analysis is the “analytical chemistry: analytical activities of identifying and/or measuring the quantities of one or more individual chemical species in a sample”.²