Electrochemical biosensors based on graphene and its allied derivatives for lifestyle disease diagnosis

Lifestyle and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are leading global public health issues, and early detection of these deadly diseases is essential to improve the life span of the affected people. The development of electrochemical biosensors with improved accuracy, sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, user-friendly, and low detection limits pave the way for a new avenue for biomedical applications. Graphene and its allied derivative have a good surface area, electrical properties, wide detection range, improved sensing performance, and stability, making it an eligible candidate for developing next-generation biosensors. This chapter discusses graphene and its derivative electrochemical properties, and their application as sensors in the biomedical field. More specifically, we deliberated about the recent enhancement of graphene and its allied derivatives in pre-diagnosis and detection of lifestyle diseases highlighting the sensing performance, mechanism, accuracy, and level of detection. Challenges of conventional and current methodologies and future perspectives of the graphene-based biosensor arena were also outlined and summarised.