Chapter 12: Leucopaxillus giganteus (Sowerby) Singer (Giant Leucopax)

Mushrooms are a fascinating modern-day food item due to their negligible toxicity and highly beneficial health properties. Nowadays, mushrooms are considered to be potent nutraceuticals and dietary supplements. Mushrooms have become a potential source of various bioactive compounds as well as protein, minerals, amino acids, vitamins, and crude fiber, which make them important nutraceuticals. Leucopaxillus giganteus (Sowerby) Singer, also known as the giant funnel or giant leucopax, is a well-known type of wild mushroom belonging to the Tricholomataceae family. Generally, this mushroom is native to Portugal but can also be found in Turkey, Rajasthan, and the Himalayan region of Asia. This mushroom species has been traditionally used to treat asthma, cardiovascular disease, boost the immune system, and strengthen bones. The most important bioactive compound of this mushroom is clitocine, alongside other therapeutically important phytoconstituents such as galactomannoglucan, catathelasmol D, (R)-4-ethoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoic acid, (S)-4-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, and (S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one. The different phytoconstituents in L. giganteus are responsible for its different pharmacological attributes, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-tumour properties. Although, L. giganteus has been exploited as a food supplement, the further exploration of its pharmacological potential will help in the development of efficient therapies.