Chapter 12: NMR Techniques for the Evaluation of Biochar Characteristics

Biochar, a carbonaceous material, has emerged as a valuable tool for environmental remediation and soil fertility enhancement. Its activity – i.e., its ability to either change soil properties or affect the fate of organic and inorganic pollutants – depends on both its physical and chemical characteristics. The most recent literature evidenced that conventional chemical analyses are insufficient to fully understand biochar’s functionality in environmental compartments. Therefore, new and more sophisticated technologies are needed to unveil the mechanisms underlying biochar’s actions. In this chapter, different NMR techniques for biochar evaluation are presented, and the limitations and advantages of each technique are discussed.