Chapter 15: Sustainable Nanomaterials and Diagnosis for Arboviral Infections

Arbovirus infections are becoming a more significant and common public health issue across the globe. In particular, the incidence and epidemic of dengue have increased considerably in tropical and subtropical regions, and other arboviruses such as Zika and chikungunya have caused major outbreaks in recent years. Most of the time, these viruses cause influenza-like symptoms, but an infected individual can progress into a severe or life-debilitating condition with an unknown mechanism. At present, there is no point-of-care system for the early prediction of disease severity in arboviral infections. The current trends in the applications of the use of nanoparticles to develop novel vaccines, formulations, diagnostic kits, and treatments for infectious diseases have attracted much attention as an innovative and alternative solution to solving significant problems in infectious diseases caused by viruses. Therefore, upgrading the prognosis and diagnosis approach with nanotechnology could enhance bio-surveillance and rapid viral detection. The goal of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive review of the disease manifestations due to arbovirus infection and to fill knowledge gaps in nano-based diagnosis/prognosis.