Chapter 7: The Future of Commercializing FET-based Biosensors

This chapter presents the advances and main challenges of affinity biosensors based on field-effect transistors. The different nanomaterial-based field-effect transistors are classified according to the nature of the nanomaterials, beginning with silicon, the “gold-standard” semiconductor, the gallium nitride semiconductor, organic semiconductors, silicon nanowires, inorganic nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Due to its exceptional electrical properties, the main works are devoted to graphene. The obtained analytical performances for detecting biomarkers, DNA sequences, and miRNA are listed. The relation between the operational conditions – nature of the nanomaterials, procedure of preparation, choice of the receptor molecule, and the method of immobilization – and the analytical performance are discussed. The perspective of industrialization of these affinity biosensors based on field-effect transistors is discussed.