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The design of an artificial basement membrane is one of the central concerns with hybrid artificial organs. An artificial basement membrane should have three functions: (1) the membrane should promote cell adhesion; (2) the semipermeable membrane should prevent cells from penetrating into the membrane but allow wastes/nutrients to pass through the membrane; (3) the membrane should have suitable mechanical properties, especially withstanding high blood pressure. In this chapter, the purpose and history of bioartificial organs, including the bioartificial liver, bioartificial pancreas, bioartificial kidney, and bioartificial lung, are discussed, and the corresponding requirements of the membranes for these bioartificial organs are also considered. The main materials used for these bioartificial organs are summarized. There is an urgent need to combine new imaging techniques (such as NMR spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging) to improve the modeling of treatments, and challenges for the development of bio-hybrid membranes for artificial organs still remain.

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