Chapter 2: Synthesis and Functionalization of Advanced Materials for Pollutant Removal

Water pollution has emerged as a pressing global concern due to the accumulation of hazardous compounds originating from pharmaceuticals, textiles, ternary industries etc. It is in high demand to develop advanced materials as sustainable solutions for eradicating diverse impurities from the aqueous ecosystem. Advanced materials encompass a wide range of nanomaterials, including nanocomposites, nanoparticles, and functionalized materials such as graphene-based materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), MXene, and bio-based nanocomposites. Their unique structural and surface properties are explored in depth, highlighting their enhanced adsorption, catalytic, and photocatalytic capabilities. In addition, to enhance their removal efficiency, these materials can be further functionalized by introducing significant functional groups onto the surface of the material. Furthermore, this chapter highlights the advanced materials, kinds of functionalization, and synthesis methods. The challenges and perspectives of advanced materials have also been studied for better conclusions.