Chapter 3: Theoretical Characteristics of Biosensing Technology

The word “biosensor” describes a potent and cutting-edge analytical tool with a biological sensing element that has a wide range of applications in biomedicine, drug development, diagnostics, food safety and processing, environmental monitoring, defense, and security.¹ An electrical signal can be produced from a biological reaction using an integrated receptor–transducer device called a biosensor. Due to the numerous applications of biosensors in healthcare and disease detection, environmental monitoring, food and water quality monitoring, and medication administration, biosensor design and development have gained significant attention from researchers and scientists in the last ten years. Biosensing technology plays a pivotal role in various fields, such as healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety. This chapter provides a theoretical exploration of the fundamental characteristics of biosensing technology. Beginning with an overview of the principles underlying biosensing, including biomolecular recognition and signal transduction mechanisms, this chapter delves into the theoretical foundations of biosensing devices. Considerations for optimizing these characteristics are explored, along with theoretical models for analyzing sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limits. This chapter also discusses prospective developments in sensitivity, specificity, and miniaturization, as well as new trends and prospects in biosensing technologies. Overall, this chapter offers valuable insights into the theoretical underpinnings of biosensing technology, paving the way for further research and innovation in this critical field.