Chapter 5: Challenges at the Intersection of Mineral Resource Sector, Circular Economy, and Economic Development

This chapter explores the intricate interplay between sustainability challenges in the mineral resource sector, the evolving concept of the circular economy, and the implications of population growth. It delves into the environmental, social, and economic dimensions, aiming to provide insights into the complexities and potential solutions at the nexus of these critical global issues. The extraction and processing of minerals are fundamental to modern technology and infrastructure. To mitigate the environmental impact of increased consumption, it is crucial to adopt circular design principles and promote the use of durable, repairable, and recyclable products. Sustainability in the mining sector requires a comprehensive approach that considers social, economic, and environmental factors. Collaboration among governments, industry stakeholders, and communities is vital to addressing present and future challenges. The mineral resource sector can support global development while safeguarding the planet by integrating sustainable practices, embracing technology, and prioritising ethics. We have interpreted the problem from an engineering perspective, devising a blueprint for an (un)sustainable machine model that explains the relationship between the demand, consumption, and recycling of minerals and Earth’s planetary boundaries. The (un)sustainable machine model hides a significant truth. While there is no doubt that human activities impact Earth’s planetary boundaries, it is difficult to see how any of these impacts could be genuinely benign.