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In this chapter, key parameters, such as specific surface area, porosity, energy density (E), power density (P), cyclic stability, coulombic efficiency, power conversion efficiency (PCE, η), short circuit current (ISC), open circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (FF), external quantum efficiency (EQE), internal quantum efficiency (IQE), apparent quantum efficiency (AQE), band gap, solar energy to H2 conversion efficiency (STH), and solar energy to ammonia conversion efficiency (STA) are explained. The characterization techniques used for measuring these parameters are discussed in detail.

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