Chapter 4: Futuristic 2D Nanomaterial Composites for Electrochemical Energy Storage

As modern society has evolved rapidly, demand for energy has escalated, prompting a surge in interest in environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable energy storage solutions. These solutions, such as supercapacitors and batteries, are vital for portable electronics, electric vehicles, and hybrid vehicles. Two-dimensional (2D) materials, characterized by their high lateral size-to-thickness ratio, offer unique physicochemical properties, such as large specific surfaces for adsorption of ions, high conductivity for transporting electrons, and flexible active sites for electrocatalytic activity. In this chapter, the creation of 2D materials for electrochemical energy storage is discussed in detail. It explores their design, fabrication methods, and application in metal–air batteries, alkali metal–ion batteries, and supercapacitors. The chapter also addresses the challenges encountered in this field and proposes potential future research directions to enhance the efficiency of 2D materials for energy storage.