Chapter 5: Emerging 2D Nanomaterial Composites for Efficient Energy Conversion

Two-dimensional nanomaterials have unique structures and electronic properties, and they have shown tremendous potential in photocatalysis as well as in electrocatalysis. The fundamental electrocatalytic and photocatalytic reactions for photocatalytic water splitting and hydrogen evolution, such as the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen oxidation reaction, and oxygen reduction reaction, are discussed. The application of 2D materials in photocatalytic and electrocatalytic evolution of H₂ are critically evaluated. The main challenges of 2D nanomaterial composite-based materials at the commercial level are also examined for these applications.