Chapter 2: Salmonella Infections with Biofilms in Developed and Developing Nations

The structural development of biofilms is closely linked to the self-assembly of planktonic microbial cells, with extracellular polymeric substances playing a critical role. Biofilms can form on various surfaces, including medical devices, equipment, and food, leading to infections. Salmonella infections, primarily caused by contaminated food and water, pose a significant global health risk, with increasing cases contributing to deaths worldwide. Preventative measures, such as consuming clean water and food, proper sanitation, and access to advanced diagnostic and treatment facilities, can help mitigate the spread of these infections. While developed countries benefit from advanced technologies like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ELISA tests, which provide rapid and accurate diagnoses, developing countries face challenges due to limited resources and less advanced healthcare infrastructure. These disparities contribute to the global burden of Salmonella infections. Salmonella biofilm formation plays a pivotal role in disease persistence and antibiotic resistance, enabling the bacteria to survive in diverse environments, such as food processing facilities and clinical settings. Recurrent outbreaks and treatment difficulties are linked to this biofilm formation. Therefore, effective management of Salmonella infections requires improved surveillance, enhanced sanitation practices, and targeted interventions, particularly in developing countries where the challenges are more pronounced.