Architectural Corrosion and Critical InfrastructureCheck Access
About this book
Corrosion is a major cause of structural degradation in buildings and infrastructure, leading to significant impacts to the economy and public safety. Concern is growing about the deterioration and corrosion of critical infrastructure, such as towers, bridges, highways and tall buildings. Monitoring and addressing the condition of such assets requires an understanding of corrosion and the factors that may influence it. However, this is a complex issue spanning multiple disciplines, including engineering, materials science, architecture and construction.
Starting with the underlying chemical processes and common corrosion challenges, this book explores the nature of corrosion in a range of structures and their environmental, material and maintenance aspects. Effective inspection methods are explored, with practical strategies for mitigation and remediation. New opportunities with machine learning and artificial intelligence are also discussed, offering innovative solutions and making this an essential reference for anyone working on or studying the preservation of architectural structures and critical infrastructure.
Architectural Corrosion and Critical Infrastructure, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025.
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Chapter 1: Understanding the Chemistry and Common Issues of Infrastructure Corrosionp1-34ByAbhinay Thakur;Abhinay ThakuraDivision of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Valentine C. Anadebe;Valentine C. AnadebebDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, P. M. B. 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, NigeriaSearch for other works by this author on:Elyor Berdimurodov;Elyor BerdimurodovcChemical & Materials Engineering, New Uzbekistan University, 54 Mustaqillik Ave., Tashkent, 100007, UzbekistandUniversity of Tashkent for Applied Sciences, Str. Gavhar 1, Tashkent 100149, UzbekistaneFaculty of Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100034, UzbekistanSearch for other works by this author on:Abdelkader Zarrouk;Abdelkader ZarroukfLaboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Av. Ibn Battouta, P.O. Box. 1014 Agdal-Rabat, MoroccogResearch Centre, Manchester Salt & Catalysis, Unit C, 88-90 Chorlton Rd, M15 4AN, Manchester, UKSearch for other works by this author on:Omar Dagdag;Omar DagdaghDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of KoreaSearch for other works by this author on:Ashish KumarAshish KumariNalanda College of Engineering, Bihar Engineering University, Department of Science, Technology and Technical Education, Government of Bihar, 803108, Bihar, IndiaSearch for other works by this author on:
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Chapter 2: Environmental Factors Influencing Infrastructure Corrosionp35-73ByRajae Salim;Rajae SalimaEuromed University of Fes, UEMF, Morocco [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Walid Ettahiri;Walid EttahiribLaboratory of Engineering, Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:Elhachmia Ech-chihbi;Elhachmia Ech-chihbiaEuromed University of Fes, UEMF, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:Zakia Rais;Zakia RaisbLaboratory of Engineering, Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:Belkheir Hammouti;Belkheir HammoutiaEuromed University of Fes, UEMF, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:Mustapha TalebMustapha TalebbLaboratory of Engineering, Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:
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Chapter 3: Electrochemical Corrosion Monitoringp74-104ByEmad A. Badr;Emad A. BadraSurfactant Lab, Petrochemicals Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo, EgyptSearch for other works by this author on:Ahmed H. Elged;Ahmed H. ElgedaSurfactant Lab, Petrochemicals Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo, EgyptSearch for other works by this author on:Samir H. Shafek;Samir H. ShafekaSurfactant Lab, Petrochemicals Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo, EgyptSearch for other works by this author on:Hassan H. H. HefniHassan H. H. HefnibPolymers Lab, Petrochemicals Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo, Egypt [email protected]; [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:
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Chapter 4: Visual, Surface, and Non-destructive Techniquesp105-139ByShweta Goyal;Shweta GoyalaCivil Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Arpit Goyal;Arpit GoyalaCivil Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, IndiaSearch for other works by this author on:Purnima;PurnimabBTCM Group, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, IndiaSearch for other works by this author on:Sonia Rani;Sonia RanicDepartment of Chemistry and Bio-chemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, IndiaSearch for other works by this author on:Vijay LuxamiVijay LuxamicDepartment of Chemistry and Bio-chemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, IndiaSearch for other works by this author on:
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Chapter 5: Computational Approachesp140-162ByHassane Lgaz;Hassane LgazaInnovative Durable Building and Infrastructure Research Center, Center for Creative Convergence Education, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, South KoreaSearch for other works by this author on:Raihanna J. Adnin;Raihanna J. AdninbDepartment of Smart City Engineering, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, South KoreaSearch for other works by this author on:Rachid Salghi;Rachid SalghicLaboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, ENSA, University Ibn Zohr, P.O. Box 1136, Agadir 80000, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:Han-seung LeeHan-seung LeedDepartment of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, South Korea [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:
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Chapter 6: Corrosion of Steel in Concrete Structuresp163-189ByAbhinay Thakur;Abhinay ThakuraDivision of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Valentine C. Anadebe;Valentine C. AnadebebDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, P. M. B. 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, NigeriaSearch for other works by this author on:Elyor Berdimurodov;Elyor BerdimurodovcChemical & Materials Engineering, New Uzbekistan University, 54 Mustaqillik Ave., Tashkent, 100007, UzbekistandUniversity of Tashkent for Applied Sciences, Str. Gavhar 1, Tashkent 100149, UzbekistaneFaculty of Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100034, UzbekistanSearch for other works by this author on:Abdelkader Zarrouk;Abdelkader ZarroukfLaboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Av. Ibn Battouta, P.O. Box 1014 Agdal-Rabat, MoroccogResearch Centre, Manchester Salt & Catalysis, Unit C, 88-90 Chorlton Rd, M15 4AN, Manchester, UKSearch for other works by this author on:Omar Dagdag;Omar DagdaghDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of KoreaSearch for other works by this author on:Ashish KumarAshish KumariNalanda College of Engineering, Bihar Engineering University, Department of Science, Technology and Technical Education, Government of Bihar, 803108, Bihar, IndiaSearch for other works by this author on:
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Chapter 7: Corrosion in Concrete and Masonryp190-202ByHassane Lgaz;Hassane LgazaInnovative Durable Building and Infrastructure Research Center, Center for Creative Convergence Education, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, South KoreaSearch for other works by this author on:Raihanna J. Adnin;Raihanna J. AdninbDepartment of Smart City Engineering, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, South KoreaSearch for other works by this author on:Sheerin Masroor;Sheerin MasroorcDepartment of Chemistry, A. N. College, Patliputra University, Patna, Bihar, 800013, IndiaSearch for other works by this author on:Han-seung LeeHan-seung LeedDepartment of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, South Korea [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:
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Chapter 8: Corrosion in Residential Buildings and Architectural Structuresp203-218ByKhasan Berdimuradov;Khasan BerdimuradovaShahrisabz Faculty of Food Engineering, Karshi State Technical University, 19, Khanabad Branch Street, Karshi City, Kashkadarya Region, 180119, UzbekistanSearch for other works by this author on:Elyor Berdimurodov;Elyor BerdimurodovbFaculty of Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100034, Uzbekistan [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Abhinay Thakur;Abhinay ThakurcDepartment of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, IndiaSearch for other works by this author on:Ashish Kumar;Ashish KumardNalanda College of Engineering, Bihar Engineering University, Science Technology and Technical Education Department, Government of Bihar, 803108, IndiaSearch for other works by this author on:Husan Yaxshinorov;Husan YaxshinorovbFaculty of Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100034, UzbekistanSearch for other works by this author on:Akbarali Rasulov;Akbarali RasulovbFaculty of Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100034, UzbekistanSearch for other works by this author on:Laziz Azimov;Laziz AzimoveInstitute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 19/46, Yunusabad, Tashkent, 100114, UzbekistanSearch for other works by this author on:Anvar KhamidovAnvar KhamidovfDepartment of Natural-Mathematical Sciences, Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent, Tashkent 100095, UzbekistanSearch for other works by this author on:
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Chapter 9: Corrosion in Communication Towersp219-235ByAkbarali Rasulov;Akbarali RasulovaDepartment of Physical Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100034, UzbekistanSearch for other works by this author on:Husan Yaxshinorov;Husan YaxshinorovaDepartment of Physical Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100034, UzbekistanSearch for other works by this author on:Javokhir Abdisattorov;Javokhir AbdisattorovaDepartment of Physical Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100034, UzbekistanSearch for other works by this author on:Elyor Berdimurodov;Elyor BerdimurodovbFaculty of Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100034, Uzbekistan [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Omar Dagdag;Omar DagdagcDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of KoreaSearch for other works by this author on:Mohamed Rbaa;Mohamed RbaadThe Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Casablanca, P.O. Box 20250, Casablanca, MoroccoeLaboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, P.O. Box 1014, Agdal-Rabat, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:Khasan Berdimuradov;Khasan BerdimuradovfShahrisabz Faculty of Food Engineering, Karshi State Technical University, 19, Khanabad Branch Street, Karshi City, Kashkadarya Region, 180119, UzbekistanSearch for other works by this author on:Anvar KhamidovAnvar KhamidovgDepartment of Natural-Mathematical Sciences, Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent, Tashkent 100095, UzbekistanSearch for other works by this author on:
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Chapter 10: Sustainable Approaches to Corrosion Management in Transportation Networksp236-256ByIchraq Bouhouche;Ichraq BouhoucheaLaboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy Modelling, Materials, Nanomaterials, Water and Environment, CERNE2D, ENSAM, Mohammed V University in Rabat, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:Najoua Labjar;Najoua LabjaraLaboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy Modelling, Materials, Nanomaterials, Water and Environment, CERNE2D, ENSAM, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Mohammed Benmessaoud;Mohammed BenmessaoudbCERNE2D-Energie, Matériaux & Développement Durable, Ecole Supérieure de Technologie, Mohammed V University in Rabat, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:Amine Sbitti;Amine SbitticResearch Center STIS, M2CS, ENSAM Rabat, Mohammed V University in Rabat, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:Anas Chraka;Anas ChrakadMaterials and Interfacial Systems Laboratory, ERESI Team, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:Hamid Nasrellah;Hamid NasrellaheLCOBE, University Chouaib Doukkali, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:Houda Labjar;Houda LabjarfLaboratory of Materials, Membranes and Environment (L2ME), Faculty of Sciences and Technologies of Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:Souad El HajjajiSouad El HajjajigLaboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy Modelling, Materials, Nanomaterials, Water and Environment, CERNE2D, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University in Rabat, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:
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Chapter 11: Corrosion in Transportation Infrastructurep257-268ByM. Rbaa;M. RbaaaThe Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Casablanca, P.O. Box 20250, Casablanca, MoroccobLaboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, P.O. Box 1014, Agdal-Rabat, MoroccocLaboratory of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, PO Box 133, 14000, Kenitra, Morocco [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:M. Oubaaqa;M. OubaaqadLaboratory of Advanced Materials and Process Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, P.O. Box 133, Kenitra 14000, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:R. Seghiri;R. SeghiridLaboratory of Advanced Materials and Process Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, P.O. Box 133, Kenitra 14000, MoroccoeEcole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Kénitra (ENSCK), Ibn Tofail University, P.O. Box 241, Kénitra 14000, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:E. Berdimurodov;E. BerdimurodovfChemical & Materials Engineering, New Uzbekistan University, 54 Mustaqillik Ave., Tashkent, 100007, UzbekistangMedical School, Central Asian University, Tashkent 111221, UzbekistanSearch for other works by this author on:B. Tüzün;B. TüzünhPlant and Animal Production Department, Technical Sciences Vocational School of Sivas, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, TurkeySearch for other works by this author on:A. Zarrouk;A. ZarroukbLaboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, P.O. Box 1014, Agdal-Rabat, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:B. LakhrissiB. LakhrissicLaboratory of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, PO Box 133, 14000, Kenitra, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:
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Chapter 12: The Use of Corrosion Inhibitors in Reinforced Concrete Corrosionp269-298ByRamazan Solmaz;Ramazan SolmazaBingöl University, Health Sciences Faculty, Occupational Health and Safety Department, 12000, Bingöl, Türkiye [email protected]; [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Gülfeza KardaşGülfeza KardaşbÇukurova University, Science and Letters Faculty, Chemistry Department, 01330, Adana, TürkiyeSearch for other works by this author on:
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Chapter 13: Use of Protective Coatings and Surface Treatments for Long-term Protectionp299-341ByDemian I. Njoku;Demian I. NjokuaDepartment of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Kowloon Hong Kong, ChinabDepartment of Industrial Chemistry, Madonna University Elele, NigeriacAfrican Centre of Excellence in Future Energies and Electrochemical Systems (ACE-FUELS), Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria [email protected]; [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Annuncieta C. Njoku;Annuncieta C. NjokudDepartment of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Federal University of Technology Owerri, NigeriaSearch for other works by this author on:Paul C. Uzoma;Paul C. UzomadDepartment of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Federal University of Technology Owerri, NigeriaeZJU-UIUC Institute, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, ChinaSearch for other works by this author on:Inime Ime Udoh;Inime Ime UdohfThe Hempel Foundation Coatings Science and Technology Centre (CoaST), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, DenmarkSearch for other works by this author on:Ini-Ibehe Nabuk EtimIni-Ibehe Nabuk EtimcAfrican Centre of Excellence in Future Energies and Electrochemical Systems (ACE-FUELS), Federal University of Technology Owerri, NigeriagInstitute of Oceanology. Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS), Qingdao, Shandong 266071, ChinahMarine Chemistry and Corrosion Research Group, Department of Marine Science, Akwa Ibom State University, P. M. B. 1167, NigeriaSearch for other works by this author on:
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Chapter 14: Proper Building Design Techniques for Corrosion Resistancep342-376ByKhalid Bouiti;Khalid BouitiaLaboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy Modelling, Materials, Nanomaterials, Water and Environment, CERNE2D, ENSAM, Mohammed V University in Rabat, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:Najoua Labjar;Najoua LabjaraLaboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy Modelling, Materials, Nanomaterials, Water and Environment, CERNE2D, ENSAM, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:Mohammed Benmessaoud;Mohammed BenmessaoudbCERNE2D-Energie, Matériaux & Développement Durable, Ecole Supérieure de Technologie, Mohammed V University in Rabat, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:Farah Abdoun;Farah AbdouncResearch Center STIS, M2CS, ENSAM Rabat, Mohammed V University in Rabat, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:Anas Chraka;Anas ChrakadMaterials and Interfacial Systems Laboratory, ERESI Team. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:Hamid Nasrellah;Hamid NasrellaheLCOBE, University Chouaib Doukkali, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:Souad El HajjajiSouad El HajjajifLaboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy Modelling, Materials, Nanomaterials, Water and Environment, CERNE2D, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University in Rabat, MoroccoSearch for other works by this author on:
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Chapter 15: Use of Cathodic Protection Systemsp377-392ByHumira Assad;Humira AssadaDepartment of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, IndiabDepartment of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, IndiaSearch for other works by this author on:Praveen Kumar Sharma;Praveen Kumar SharmabDepartment of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, IndiaSearch for other works by this author on:Ashish KumarAshish KumarcNalanda College of Engineering, Bihar Engineering University, Department of Science, Technology and Technical Education, Government of Bihar, 803108, India [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:
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Chapter 16: Smart Corrosion Inhibition Techniques for Civil and Marine Infrastructuresp393-408ByNavid HosseinabadiNavid HosseinabadiDepartment of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Abadeh Higher Education Centre, Shiraz University, P.O. Box 73916, Iran [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:
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Chapter 17: Use of Computer-based Methods in Measuring Corrosion in Infrastructurep409-427ByRuby Aslam;Ruby AslamaSchool of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, ChinabEngineering Research Centre for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, ChinaSearch for other works by this author on:Qihui Wang;Qihui WangaSchool of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, ChinacChongqing Key Laboratory of Energy Engineering Mechanics & Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, ChinaSearch for other works by this author on:Jeenat Aslam;Jeenat AslamdDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu 30799, Al‑Madina, Saudi ArabiaSearch for other works by this author on:Zhitao YanZhitao YanaSchool of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, ChinaeChongqing Industry & Trade Polytechnic, Chongqing 408000, China [email protected]Search for other works by this author on:
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