Chapter 10: Toxicology for Chemical Safety and Sustainability

Toxicology has assumed a more prominent role in the design and discovery of new products, including pharmaceuticals, in part because of the advancements made in computational chemistry coupled with an increased understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Twenty-first century toxicology allows scientists to describe adverse outcome pathways at the molecular level as well as to predict toxicity based on a comprehensive suite of modern techniques including in silico methods, in vivo bioassays, and mechanistic in vitro screening methods. Integrating the information generated from these tools by holistically trained scientists will allow for the articulation of design rules that are necessary tools for synthetic chemists to design safer, healthier, and sustainable chemistries.