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Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are versatile stable materials, whose structures are two-dimensional cationic layers stacking together with various anions via electrostatic interactions. LDHs have been widely used in synthesis, pharmaceuticals, and catalysis. Recently, LDHs, LDH-based photocatalysts, and LDH derivatives (such as mixed metal oxides, MMO) have attracted extensive research attention because of their potential usefulness in tackling environmental problems and the energy crisis. In this chapter, we summarize the main synthesis methods for LDHs-based photocatalysts, and their applications in photocatalytic areas, especially in photocatalytic degradation of water contamination. The photocatalytic mechanisms, applications of LDHs in other aspects of photocatalysis, and comparisons with other photocatalysts are also briefly mentioned. At the end of the chapter, a perspective on the LDH-based composite materials is presented.

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