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This review will focus on biomarkers of genotoxic exposure and cancer risk, and in particular on the measurement of DNA damage and DNA repair using the Comet assay. Molecular biomarkers can be applied in the context of case-control, cohort or intervention studies. As in conventional epidemiology, study design and statistical considerations (especially power calculations) are critically important – as is the use of validated, reliable biomarker assays with sufficient sensitivity to detect individual differences with accuracy and precision.

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