Abbreviations and Acronyms

doi:10.1039/9781782626817-FP015

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Catalysis Series

N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: From Laboratory Curiosities to Efficient Synthetic Tools

Edited by

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1039/9781782626817

Hardback ISBN:

978-1-78262-423-3

PDF ISBN:

978-1-78262-681-7

EPUB ISBN:

978-1-78262-903-0

Special Collection: 2016 ebook collection

Series: Catalysis Series

No. of Pages:

636

Publication date:

04 Nov 2016

Book Chapter

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Doi:

https://doi.org/10.1039/9781782626817-FP015

Published:

04 Nov 2016
Special Collection: 2016 ebook collection

Series: Catalysis Series

Page range:

P015 - P019

2M2BN: 2-methyl-2-butenenitrile
2M3BN: 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile
3D: three-dimensional
3 PN: 3-pentenenitrile
9-BBN: 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane
_βMMBL: β-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone
_γMMBL: γ-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone
µSR: muon spin resonance
AAAC: acyclic(alkyl)amino carbene
AB: ammonia–borane
Ac: acetyl
acac: acetylacetonato
Ad: adamantyl [tricyclo[3.3.1.1^3,7]decyl]
ADC: acyclic diaminocarbene
ADMET: acyclic diene metathesis polymerisation
AdN: adiponitrile
A. fumigatus: Aspergillus fumigatus
AIBN: 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile)
Am: amyl [2-methylbutyl]
An: para-anisyl [4-methoxylphenyl]
aNHC: abnormal N-heterocyclic carbene
aq: aqueous
Ar: aryl
ATH: asymmetric transfer hydrogenation
atm: atmosphere
ATRC: atom transfer radical cyclisation
ATRP: atom transfer radical polymerisation
AYC: amino(ylidene)carbene
BARF: tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate
BET: back electron transfer
BINAM: 1,1′-bis(2-naphthylamine)
B. mallei: Burkholderia mallei
BMIM: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene
Bn: benzyl
Boc: tert-butyloxycarbonyl
bp: boiling point
BPh: 1,3-diphenylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene
B. pseudomallei: Burkholderia pseudomallei
bpy: 2,2′-bipyridine
B. subtilis: Bacillus subtilis
Bu: butyl
Bz: benzoyl
CAAC: cyclic (alkyl) (amino)carbene
C. albicans: Candida albicans
CAM: complex-assisted metathesis
CAN: ceric ammonium nitrate
cat: catecholato [1,2-benzenediolate]
Cbz: carboxybenzyl
CHM: Chalk–Harrod mechanism
cin: cinnamyl [3-phenylpropen-2-yl]
CKT: Corriu–Kumada–Tamao
^ClIMes: 4,5-dichloro-1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene
^ClIPr^CPh3: 4,5-dichloro-1,3-bis[2,6-diisopropyl-4-(triphenylmetyl)phenyl]imidazol-2-ylidene
CM: cross-metathesis
CNT: carbon nanotube
COD: 1,5-cyclooctadiene
COE: cyclooctene
conv.: conversion
cot: cyclooctatetraene
Cp: cyclopentadienyl
Cp*: 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl
CPME: cyclopentyl methyl ether
Cy: cyclohexyl
DAC: diaminocarbene
dan: 1,8-diaminonaphthalene
dba: dibenzylideneacetone
DBU: 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene
DCE: 1,2-dichloroethane
DCM: dichloromethane
de: diastereoisomeric excess
DFT: density functional theory
DIPEA: N,N-diisopropylethylamine
Dipp: 2,6-diisopropylphenyl
DKR: dynamic kinetic resolution
DLC: delocalised lipophilic cation
DMA: N,N-dimethylacetamide
DMAP: 4-(dimethyl)pyridine
DME: 1,2-dimethoxyethane
DMF: dimethylformamide
DMPU: N,N'-dimethylpropylene urea [1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidinone]
DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide
DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid
dpe: 1,2-diphosphinoethane
dppe: 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane
dppp: 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane
dr: diastereoisomeric ratio
Dur: duryl [2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl]
Ec. faecalis: Enterococcus faecalis
E. coli: Escherichia coli
ee: enantiomeric excess
EPC: endothelial progenitor cells
EPR: electronic paramagnetic resonance
equiv: equivalent
er: enantiomeric ratio
ESI-MS: electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry
ESR: electron spin resonance
Et: ethyl
EWG: electron-withdrawing group
Fc: ferrocenyl
FLP: frustrated Lewis-pair
GC: gas chromatography
GGA: generalised gradient approximation
GO: graphene oxide
h: hour
HDF: hydrodefluorination
Hept: heptyl
HFF: foreskin fibroblasts
HMDS: hexamethyldisilazide
HMPA: hexamethylphosphorustriamide
HOAt: 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole
HOESY: heteronuclear nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy
HOMO: highest occupied molecular orbital
i: iso
I(2-Ad): 1,3-bis(2-adamantyl)imidazol-2-ylidene
IAd: 1,3-bis(1-adamantyl)imidazol-2-ylidene
IBn: 1,3-dibenzylimidazol-2-ylidene
IBiox: bisoxazoline-based N-heterocyclic carbene
IC₅₀: half maximal inhibitory concentration
ICAR: initiators for continuous activator regeneration
ICy: 1,3-dicyclohexylimidazol-2-ylidene
IH: imidazol-2-ylidene
IHept: 1,3-bis(2-heptyl)imidazol-2-ylidene
IiPr: 1,3-diisopropylimidazol-2-ylidene
IiPrMe: 1-methyl-3-isopropylimidazol-2-ylidene
IL: ionic liquid
IMe: 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene
IMes: 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene
IPent: 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopentylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene
IPr: 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene
IPr*: 1,3-bis[(2,6-diphenylmethyl)-4-methylphenyl]imidazol-2-ylidene
IPr*^OMe: 1,3-bis[(2,6-diphenylmethyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]imidazol-2-ylidene
IR: infrared
ItBu: 1,3-di-tert-butylimidazol-2-ylidene
ItBuMe: 1-tert-butyl-3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene
ITol: 1,3-bis(4-methylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene
IXy: 1,3-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene
KIE: kinetic isotope effect
LDA: lithium diisopropylamide
LUMO: lowest unoccupied molecular orbital
m: meta
MAAC: monoamido(amino)carbene
Mag: magnetite
MAO: methylaluminoxane
MBEC: minimum biofilm eradication concentration
MBL: α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone
MCM: Mobil composition of matter number 41
Me: methyl
MECP: minimum energy crossing point
^MeIEt: 1,3-diethyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene
^MeIiPr: 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene
^MeIMe: 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene
^MeIMes: 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene
menthimid: 1-methyl-3-(+)-menthylmenthoxide imidazol-2-ylidene
Mes: mesityl [1,3,5-trimethylphenyl]
MIC: mesoionic carbene
MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration
MIDA: N-methylimidodiacetate
min: minute
MMA: methyl methacrylate
M_n: number-average molar mass
MOM: methoxymethyl ether
MRSA: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
MS: molecular sieves
Ms: mesyl [methanesulfonyl]
MTBE: methyl tert-butyl ether
MTT: 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide
Mu: muonium
MW: microwave
n-: aliphatic
N″: bis(trimethylsilyl)amido
Napht: naphthyl
nbd: norbornadiene
NBO: natural order bond
NBS: N-bromosuccinimide
NHC: N-heterocyclic carbene
NICS: nucleus-independent chemical shift
NMP: N-methylpyrrolidinone
NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance
Np: neopentyl
Nu: nucleophile
o: ortho
OA: oxidative addition
Oct: octyl
OLED: organic light-emitting diode
p: para
P. aeruginosa: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PDI: polydispersity index
PEG: polyethylene glycol
PEPPSI: pyridine enhanced pre-catalyst preparation stabilization and initiation
PET: positron emission tomography
P. falciparum: Plasmodium falciparum
Ph: phenyl
PHC: P-heterocyclic carbene
phen: 1,10-phenanthroline
PMHS: polymethylhydrosiloxane
pin: pinacolato [2,3-dimethylbutane-2,3-dioxy]
Piv: pivalate [trimethylacetate]
PKR: Pauson–Khand reaction
PMMA: poly(methyl methacrylate)
PMP: para-methoxyphenyl
POM: polyoxometalate
ppm: parts per million
Pr: propyl
PS: polystyrene
PTA: 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane
pyr: pyridine
rac: racemic
RCM: ring-closing metathesis
RE: reductive elimination
REM: rare earth metals
^RENHC: ring-expanded N-heterocyclic carbene
RIM: reaction injection moulding
rfx: reflux
ROCM: ring-opening cross metathesis
ROMP: ring-opening metathesis polymerisation
ROP: ring-opening polymerisation
RT: room temperature
s: sec
SAR: structure–activity relationship
S. aureus: Staphylococcus aureus
S. epidermidis: Staphylococcus epidermidis
SET: single electron transfer
SICy: 1,3-dicyclohexylimidazolin-2-ylidene
SIEt: 1,3-diethylimidazolin-2-ylidene
SIH: imidazolin-2-ylidene
SIMe: 1,3-dimethylimidazolin-2-ylidene
SIMes: 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene
SIPr: 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene
SItBu: 1,3-di(tert-butyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene
SITol: 1,3-bis(4-methylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene
S. mutans: Streptococcus mutans
SOMO: single occupied molecular orbital
t: tert
TBDMS: tert-butyldimethylsilane
TBHP: tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide
TDP: 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,3]diazepam-2-ylidene
TEP: Tolman electronic parameter
TEMPO: 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl
TF: transfer hydrogenation
Tf: triflyl [trifluoromethylsulfonyl]
TFA: trifluoroacetic acid
TFAA: trifluoroacetic acid anhydride
TH: transfer hydrogenation
thd: tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionato)
THF: tetrahydrofurane
THP: 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene
TIMEN^Ar: tris[2-(3-arylimidazol-2-ylidene)ethyl]amine
Tipp: tris(2,4,6-isopropyl)phenyl
TIPS: triisopropylsilyl
TM: transition metal
tmeda: N,N,N′,N'-tetramethylethylenediamine
TMP: 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
TMS: trimethylsilyl
TOF: turnover frequency
Tol: tolyl [methylphenyl]
TON: turnover number
Tp: trispyrozoylborate
TPP: meso-tetraphenylporphyrin
TPT: 1,3,4-triphenyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylidene (Ender’s carbene)
TrxR: thioredoxin reductase
TS: transition state
Ts: tosyl [4-methylphenylsulfonyl]
UV: ultraviolet
vs.: versus
VT: variable temperature
XAS: X-ray absorption spectroscopy
XDR: X-ray diffraction
Xyl: xylyl [dimethylphenyl]
Y. pestis: Yersinia pestis

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

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