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Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) is a powerful technique in surface science. In this chapter, we review the recent work on the characterization of mono-element two dimensional (2D) materials, including graphene, silicene, germanene, stanene, and borophene by STM/STS. The atomic structures and electronic structures studied by this technique is given in detail. We hope this review will give a comprehensive understanding of the behaviors of 2D materials in STM/STS studies.

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