Chapter 15: Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Brain Tissue

Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) provides exciting insights into the microstructural organisation of the human brain and allows for unprecedented elucidation of the brain's global connectivity in ever-greater detail. It has contributed to the development of novel diffusion-based biomarkers for pathological conditions associated with the brain and has helped to improve our understanding of the complex relationships between brain anatomy and function in neurodevelopment, aging, and neurodegeneration. In this chapter, we describe the basic principles of diffusion MRI in brain tissue and provide an overview of some selected applications, such as in stroke, maturation and fibre tractography.