Carbon Capture and Storage and Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage

The last several years have seen a significant withdrawal of support for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) demonstrations worldwide, with major projects being cancelled both in the USA and UK, among other jurisdictions. However, they have also seen the first serious demonstration of CCS technology for power production in Canada. Notwithstanding this seesawing of developments, CCS remains essential technology if the world is to meet its COP21 commitments and avoid ambient CO₂ levels in the environment of 450 ppm and above. In this respect, it seems almost certain that renewable energy developments will be insufficient to remain below the 450 ppm ceiling. This chapter will cover the history and current state of the art in CCS, as well as explore some of the complementary technologies.