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This chapter provides an overview of membrane absorption processes used in acid gas separation. Membrane absorption processes are considered a combination of gas absorption and membrane separation, giving the process a number of advantages, such as small size, high mass transfer rate, flexible operation, and easy scale-up. Owing to their hydrophobic properties and high specific surface area, hydrophobic polymer materials with hollow-fiber configurations have attracted wide attention and are available for industrial membrane absorption use. On the other hand, ceramic membranes are another option for barriers, providing better chemical and thermal stability as well as high mechanical strength, and are thus able to solve the problem of long-term stability for industrial applications. The most challenging and attractive applications of membrane absorption are acid gas separation, including CO2 capture and SOx removal. Several studies are summarized, in which the effects of the liquid absorbent, membrane structure, and process parameters on the gas absorption performance have been studied. In particular, wetting phenomena in membrane contactors and their influence on the mass transfer rate and long-term stability of membrane absorption systems are discussed.

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