Chapter 9: Advances in Diagnostics and Treatment of Neurotoxicity after Sports-related Injuries

The neuronal and cerebral vascular impairments underlying neurotoxicity (excitotoxicity) due to mild traumatic brain injury are reviewed. Characteristic patterns of subtle injury in cortical, subcortical, or brainstem areas are associated with micro-, small-, and medium-sized artery dysfunctions. The present review is focused on trends in the choice of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches for mild traumatic brain injury therapy. These could optimize cerebral blood flow hemodynamics and homeostasis to protect executive brain functions and secure quality of life.