Chapter 19: Advancements and Challenges in Hyperacute Stroke Translational Research

Hyperacute stroke is a “brain attack” requiring urgent recognition so that the mobilization of multidiscipline efforts can lead to prompt differential diagnosis and emergent therapy within 6 hours of onset. The rapid assessment of metabolites in biological fluids might help to capture quick changes of diverse biomarkers associated with cerebral ischemic or hemorrhagic injuries. Accurate diagnosis enables clinicians to select the most effective emergent therapy of using thrombolytics or neuroprotective or neuroregenerative medication. In this chapter, some unresolved issues and challenges in hyperacute stroke diagnosis and treatment are highlighted. The possibility of the combined use of neuroprotective and neuroregenerative strategies in addition to thrombolytic treatment is considered.